The Great Benin Kingdom developed a distinctive military tradition involving close-combat weapons, projectile weapons, shields, firearms, and objects associated with the protection of warriors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
The Edo language contains specific names for many of these objects. Understanding these terms requires more than simply translating an Edo word into English. The form, function, historical context, and cultural significance of each object must also be considered.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Historical collections and modern digital research are particularly valuable in this work. Digital Benin’s \u1eb8yo Ot\u1ecd<\/strong> project helps reconnect historical objects with their Edo designations rather than relying exclusively on terminology assigned by collecting institutions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n This article presents an Edomaye teaching vocabulary for important Edo\/Benin warfare-related terms.<\/p>\n\n\n\n The lexical meanings are principally grounded in Agheyisi’s Edo-English Dictionary<\/em> (1986), while Digital Benin provides important historical descriptions of the objects, their forms and their uses.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Umozo<\/strong> means sword<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Agheyisi records umozo<\/em> as \u201csword.\u201d Historical material associated with Benin also helps distinguish the cutting weapon from ceremonial or representational objects that may sometimes be described as swords in English.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Umozo \u2014 Sword<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n \u1eccpia<\/strong> means cutlass or machete<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n This is an important distinction because English terminology can vary according to the particular historical object being described.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u1eccpia \u2014 Cutlass \/ machete<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Uhanb\u1ecd<\/strong> means bow<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n This is an important correction to an earlier representation of the term.<\/p>\n\n\n\n The bow and arrow form a system, but they are not one Edo vocabulary item. Uhanb\u1ecd<\/strong> refers to the bow, while If\u1eb9nmw\u1eb9<\/strong> refers to the arrow.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Uhanb\u1ecd \u2014 Bow<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Important:<\/strong> Do not teach Uhanb\u1ecd<\/em> as literally meaning \u201cbow & arrow\u201d when identifying the individual object.<\/p>\n\n\n\n If\u1eb9nmw\u1eb9<\/strong> means arrow<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n It should therefore be taught separately from Uhanb\u1ecd<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Historical descriptions place Uhanb\u1ecd<\/em> and If\u1eb9nmw\u1eb9<\/em> within the Benin bow-and-arrow tradition. Historical records also describe the use of treated arrowheads in hunting and warfare.<\/p>\n\n\n\n If\u1eb9nmw\u1eb9 \u2014 Arrow<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Thus:<\/p>\n\n\n\n Uhanb\u1ecd + If\u1eb9nmw\u1eb9 = Bow + Arrow<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Asoro<\/strong> means spear<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n This is an important Benin warfare term.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Historical descriptions identify Asoro<\/em> as a spear used as a weapon, with spear points made from materials including wood or iron.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Asoro \u2014 Spear<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n \u1eb8kpede<\/strong> means crossbow<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n The crossbow represents another component of the Benin projectile-weapon tradition.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Historical documentation places \u1eb8kpede<\/em> alongside Uhanb\u1ecd<\/em> and If\u1eb9nmw\u1eb9<\/em> within the broader Benin weapon tradition.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u1eb8kpede \u2014 Crossbow<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Asa<\/strong> means shield<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n The shield was defensive equipment used by warriors in battle.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Historical Benin examples are associated with materials including elephant or crocodile skin.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Asa \u2014 Shield<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n \u1eb8gba<\/strong> means armlet<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Rather than using the vague English expression \u201carm band,\u201d Edomaye teaching should preferably identify the object more precisely as an armlet<\/strong> or upper-arm bracelet<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Historical descriptions associate \u1eb8gba<\/em> with bracelets worn around the upper arm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u1eb8gba \u2014 Armlet \/ upper-arm bracelet<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n This entry requires particular orthographic and cultural care.<\/p>\n\n\n\n The form \u1eb8boo<\/strong> is recorded with meanings including charm<\/strong> and medicine<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n The term should not automatically be shortened to \u1eb8bo<\/em> when this particular meaning is intended.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u1eb8boo \u2014 Charm \/ medicine<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n However, students should understand that translating \u1eb8boo<\/em> simply as \u201ccharm\u201d can obscure its wider cultural meaning. In historical Benin society, medicinal and protective substances could have meanings and functions that do not correspond exactly to the modern Western idea of a \u201ccharm.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n This is one of the most important corrections to an earlier representation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n The description:<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u274c Akpalode \u2014 Charm bracelet<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n should not<\/strong> be used in Edomaye teaching.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Historical documentation places Akpalode<\/strong> within Ugb\u1eb9kun<\/em>, the category of girdles.<\/p>\n\n\n\n The Akpalode is described as a leather girdle produced by the royal leather-working guild<\/strong>, infused with herbs and medicine and worn by warriors for protection.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Akpalode \u2014 Protective medicinal girdle worn by warriors<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n This description is substantially more informative and historically appropriate than \u201ccharm bracelet.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n An earlier representation gave:<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u274c Osisi \u2014 Musket<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n For general Edo vocabulary teaching, the broader form is preferable:<\/p>\n\n\n\n Osisi \u2014 Gun \/ firearm; ammunition<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Agheyisi records osisi<\/em> with meanings including gun<\/strong> and ammunition<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Historical documentation groups Osisi\/Etu<\/em> among firearms while distinguishing Osisi<\/em> from Etu<\/em>, the cannon.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Therefore, unless a particular historical firearm is specifically being discussed, Edomaye should not automatically restrict Osisi<\/strong> to \u201cmusket.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n Osisi \u2014 Gun \/ firearm<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Umozo<\/strong> \u2014 Sword 1. What is Umozo?<\/strong> 2. What is \u1eccpia?<\/strong> 3. What is Uhanb\u1ecd?<\/strong> 4. What is If\u1eb9nmw\u1eb9?<\/strong> 5. What is Asoro?<\/strong> 6. What is \u1eb8kpede?<\/strong> 7. What is Asa?<\/strong> 8. What is \u1eb8gba?<\/strong> 9. What is \u1eb8boo?<\/strong> 10. What is Akpalode?<\/strong> 11. What is Osisi?<\/strong> The original vocabulary graphic contains useful Edo terminology, but it should not be reproduced as an Edomaye teaching authority without correction.<\/p>\n\n\n\n The following forms are adopted for Edomaye teaching:<\/p>\n\n\n\n An Edo-English Dictionary.<\/em> Agheyisi’s dictionary provides an important lexical foundation for Edo vocabulary.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Digital Benin’s \u1eb8yo Ot\u1ecd<\/strong> project provides historical descriptions connecting Edo names with objects represented in Benin collections. It is particularly valuable for understanding the historical context of weapons, defensive equipment and warrior-protection objects.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Thomas’s historical Edo dictionary provides additional comparative lexical evidence for selected Edo terms, including \u1eb8gba<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n At Edomaye, we do not merely translate Edo words into English.<\/p>\n\n\n\n We preserve:<\/p>\n\n\n\n the Edo word, This standard should govern every Edo-language and Benin heritage vocabulary item published on Edomaye.com<\/strong> or incorporated into the Edomaye Academy curriculum<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Preserve the Word.<\/strong> WE ARE IN BENIN<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Forward ever, backward never.<\/strong><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" EDO\/BENIN WARFARE VOCABULARY Weapons, Defensive Equipment and Warrior Protection The Great Benin Kingdom developed a distinctive military tradition involving close-combat weapons, projectile weapons, shields, firearms, and objects associated with the protection of warriors. The Edo language contains specific names for many of these objects. Understanding these terms requires more than simply translating an Edo word into English. The form, function, historical context, and cultural significance of each object must also be considered. Historical collections and modern digital research are particularly valuable in this work. Digital Benin’s \u1eb8yo Ot\u1ecd project helps reconnect historical objects with their Edo designations rather than relying exclusively on terminology assigned by collecting institutions. This article presents an Edomaye teaching vocabulary for important Edo\/Benin warfare-related terms. MASTER VOCABULARY Edo English Category Umozo Sword Weapon \u1eccpia Cutlass \/ machete Weapon Uhanb\u1ecd Bow Projectile weapon If\u1eb9nmw\u1eb9 Arrow Projectile weapon Asoro Spear Weapon \u1eb8kpede Crossbow Projectile weapon Asa Shield Defensive equipment \u1eb8gba Armlet \/ upper-arm bracelet Personal\/protective object \u1eb8boo Charm \/ medicine Protective\/medicinal object Akpalode Protective medicinal girdle Warrior protection Osisi Gun \/ firearm; ammunition Firearm The lexical meanings are principally grounded in Agheyisi’s Edo-English Dictionary (1986), while Digital Benin provides important historical descriptions of the objects, their forms and their uses. 1. UMOZO \u2014 SWORD Umozo means sword. Agheyisi records umozo as \u201csword.\u201d Historical material associated with Benin also helps distinguish the cutting weapon from ceremonial or representational objects that may sometimes be described as swords in English. Teach: Umozo \u2014 Sword 2. \u1eccPIA \u2014 CUTLASS \/ MACHETE \u1eccpia means cutlass or machete. This is an important distinction because English terminology can vary according to the particular historical object being described. Teach: \u1eccpia \u2014 Cutlass \/ machete 3. UHANB\u1ecc \u2014 BOW Uhanb\u1ecd means bow. This is an important correction to an earlier representation of the term. The bow and arrow form a system, but they are not one Edo vocabulary item. Uhanb\u1ecd refers to the bow, while If\u1eb9nmw\u1eb9 refers to the arrow. Teach: Uhanb\u1ecd \u2014 Bow Important: Do not teach Uhanb\u1ecd as literally meaning \u201cbow & arrow\u201d when identifying the individual object. 4. IF\u1eb8NMW\u1eb8 \u2014 ARROW If\u1eb9nmw\u1eb9 means arrow. It should therefore be taught separately from Uhanb\u1ecd. Historical descriptions place Uhanb\u1ecd and If\u1eb9nmw\u1eb9 within the Benin bow-and-arrow tradition. Historical records also describe the use of treated arrowheads in hunting and warfare. Teach: If\u1eb9nmw\u1eb9 \u2014 Arrow Thus: Uhanb\u1ecd + If\u1eb9nmw\u1eb9 = Bow + Arrow 5. ASORO \u2014 SPEAR Asoro means spear. This is an important Benin warfare term. Historical descriptions identify Asoro as a spear used as a weapon, with spear points made from materials including wood or iron. Teach: Asoro \u2014 Spear 6. \u1eb8KPEDE \u2014 CROSSBOW \u1eb8kpede means crossbow. The crossbow represents another component of the Benin projectile-weapon tradition. Historical documentation places \u1eb8kpede alongside Uhanb\u1ecd and If\u1eb9nmw\u1eb9 within the broader Benin weapon tradition. Teach: \u1eb8kpede \u2014 Crossbow 7. ASA \u2014 SHIELD Asa means shield. The shield was defensive equipment used by warriors in battle. Historical Benin examples are associated with materials including elephant or crocodile skin. Teach: Asa \u2014 Shield 8. \u1eb8GBA \u2014 ARMLET \/ UPPER-ARM BRACELET \u1eb8gba means armlet. Rather than using the vague English expression \u201carm band,\u201d Edomaye teaching should preferably identify the object more precisely as an armlet or upper-arm bracelet. Historical descriptions associate \u1eb8gba with bracelets worn around the upper arm. Teach: \u1eb8gba \u2014 Armlet \/ upper-arm bracelet 9. \u1eb8BOO \u2014 CHARM \/ MEDICINE This entry requires particular orthographic and cultural care. The form \u1eb8boo is recorded with meanings including charm and medicine. The term should not automatically be shortened to \u1eb8bo when this particular meaning is intended. Teach: \u1eb8boo \u2014 Charm \/ medicine However, students should understand that translating \u1eb8boo simply as \u201ccharm\u201d can obscure its wider cultural meaning. In historical Benin society, medicinal and protective substances could have meanings and functions that do not correspond exactly to the modern Western idea of a \u201ccharm.\u201d 10. AKPALODE \u2014 PROTECTIVE MEDICINAL GIRDLE This is one of the most important corrections to an earlier representation. The description: \u274c Akpalode \u2014 Charm bracelet should not be used in Edomaye teaching. Historical documentation places Akpalode within Ugb\u1eb9kun, the category of girdles. The Akpalode is described as a leather girdle produced by the royal leather-working guild, infused with herbs and medicine and worn by warriors for protection. Teach: Akpalode \u2014 Protective medicinal girdle worn by warriors This description is substantially more informative and historically appropriate than \u201ccharm bracelet.\u201d 11. OSISI \u2014 GUN \/ FIREARM An earlier representation gave: \u274c Osisi \u2014 Musket For general Edo vocabulary teaching, the broader form is preferable: Osisi \u2014 Gun \/ firearm; ammunition Agheyisi records osisi with meanings including gun and ammunition. Historical documentation groups Osisi\/Etu among firearms while distinguishing Osisi from Etu, the cannon. Therefore, unless a particular historical firearm is specifically being discussed, Edomaye should not automatically restrict Osisi to \u201cmusket.\u201d Teach: Osisi \u2014 Gun \/ firearm THE EDOMAYE MASTER CARD EDO\/BENIN WARFARE WORDS Umozo \u2014 Sword\u1eccpia \u2014 Cutlass \/ macheteUhanb\u1ecd \u2014 BowIf\u1eb9nmw\u1eb9 \u2014 ArrowAsoro \u2014 Spear\u1eb8kpede \u2014 CrossbowAsa \u2014 Shield\u1eb8gba \u2014 Armlet \/ upper-arm bracelet\u1eb8boo \u2014 Charm \/ medicineAkpalode \u2014 Protective medicinal girdleOsisi \u2014 Gun \/ firearm; ammunition TEACHING LESSON Teacher asks: 1. What is Umozo?Student: Umozo is a sword. 2. What is \u1eccpia?Student: \u1eccpia is a cutlass or machete. 3. What is Uhanb\u1ecd?Student: Uhanb\u1ecd is a bow. 4. What is If\u1eb9nmw\u1eb9?Student: If\u1eb9nmw\u1eb9 is an arrow. 5. What is Asoro?Student: Asoro is a spear. 6. What is \u1eb8kpede?Student: \u1eb8kpede is a crossbow. 7. What is Asa?Student: Asa is a shield. 8. What is \u1eb8gba?Student: \u1eb8gba is an armlet. 9. What is \u1eb8boo?Student: \u1eb8boo is a charm or medicine. 10. What is Akpalode?Student: Akpalode is a protective medicinal girdle worn by warriors. 11. What is Osisi?Student: Osisi is a gun or firearm. EDOMAYE QUALITY-CONTROL NOTE The original vocabulary graphic contains useful Edo terminology, but it should not be reproduced as an Edomaye teaching authority without correction. The following forms are adopted for Edomaye teaching: SOURCES AND REFERENCES Agheyisi, Rebecca N. (1986) An Edo-English Dictionary.Benin City: Ethiope Publishing Corporation. Agheyisi’s dictionary provides<\/p>","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-6053","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/edomaye.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6053","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/edomaye.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/edomaye.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edomaye.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/8"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edomaye.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6053"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/edomaye.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6053\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/edomaye.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6053"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edomaye.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6053"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edomaye.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6053"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
\n\n\n\nMASTER VOCABULARY<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Edo<\/th> English<\/th> Category<\/th><\/tr><\/thead> Umozo<\/strong><\/td> Sword<\/td> Weapon<\/td><\/tr> \u1eccpia<\/strong><\/td> Cutlass \/ machete<\/td> Weapon<\/td><\/tr> Uhanb\u1ecd<\/strong><\/td> Bow<\/td> Projectile weapon<\/td><\/tr> If\u1eb9nmw\u1eb9<\/strong><\/td> Arrow<\/td> Projectile weapon<\/td><\/tr> Asoro<\/strong><\/td> Spear<\/td> Weapon<\/td><\/tr> \u1eb8kpede<\/strong><\/td> Crossbow<\/td> Projectile weapon<\/td><\/tr> Asa<\/strong><\/td> Shield<\/td> Defensive equipment<\/td><\/tr> \u1eb8gba<\/strong><\/td> Armlet \/ upper-arm bracelet<\/td> Personal\/protective object<\/td><\/tr> \u1eb8boo<\/strong><\/td> Charm \/ medicine<\/td> Protective\/medicinal object<\/td><\/tr> Akpalode<\/strong><\/td> Protective medicinal girdle<\/td> Warrior protection<\/td><\/tr> Osisi<\/strong><\/td> Gun \/ firearm; ammunition<\/td> Firearm<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n1. UMOZO \u2014 SWORD<\/h1>\n\n\n\n
Teach:<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n2. \u1eccPIA \u2014 CUTLASS \/ MACHETE<\/h1>\n\n\n\n
Teach:<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n3. UHANB\u1ecc \u2014 BOW<\/h1>\n\n\n\n
Teach:<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n4. IF\u1eb8NMW\u1eb8 \u2014 ARROW<\/h1>\n\n\n\n
Teach:<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n5. ASORO \u2014 SPEAR<\/h1>\n\n\n\n
Teach:<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n6. \u1eb8KPEDE \u2014 CROSSBOW<\/h1>\n\n\n\n
Teach:<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n7. ASA \u2014 SHIELD<\/h1>\n\n\n\n
Teach:<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n8. \u1eb8GBA \u2014 ARMLET \/ UPPER-ARM BRACELET<\/h1>\n\n\n\n
Teach:<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n9. \u1eb8BOO \u2014 CHARM \/ MEDICINE<\/h1>\n\n\n\n
Teach:<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n10. AKPALODE \u2014 PROTECTIVE MEDICINAL GIRDLE<\/h1>\n\n\n\n
Teach:<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n11. OSISI \u2014 GUN \/ FIREARM<\/h1>\n\n\n\n
Teach:<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\nTHE EDOMAYE MASTER CARD<\/h1>\n\n\n\n
EDO\/BENIN WARFARE WORDS<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\u1eccpia<\/strong> \u2014 Cutlass \/ machete
Uhanb\u1ecd<\/strong> \u2014 Bow
If\u1eb9nmw\u1eb9<\/strong> \u2014 Arrow
Asoro<\/strong> \u2014 Spear
\u1eb8kpede<\/strong> \u2014 Crossbow
Asa<\/strong> \u2014 Shield
\u1eb8gba<\/strong> \u2014 Armlet \/ upper-arm bracelet
\u1eb8boo<\/strong> \u2014 Charm \/ medicine
Akpalode<\/strong> \u2014 Protective medicinal girdle
Osisi<\/strong> \u2014 Gun \/ firearm; ammunition<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\nTEACHING LESSON<\/h1>\n\n\n\n
Teacher asks:<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
Student: Umozo is a sword.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
Student: \u1eccpia is a cutlass or machete.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
Student: Uhanb\u1ecd is a bow.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
Student: If\u1eb9nmw\u1eb9 is an arrow.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
Student: Asoro is a spear.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
Student: \u1eb8kpede is a crossbow.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
Student: Asa is a shield.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
Student: \u1eb8gba is an armlet.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
Student: \u1eb8boo is a charm or medicine.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
Student: Akpalode is a protective medicinal girdle worn by warriors.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
Student: Osisi is a gun or firearm.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\nEDOMAYE QUALITY-CONTROL NOTE<\/h1>\n\n\n\n
\n
\n\n\n\nSOURCES AND REFERENCES<\/h1>\n\n\n\n
Agheyisi, Rebecca N. (1986)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
Benin City: Ethiope Publishing Corporation.<\/p>\n\n\n\nDigital Benin \u2014 \u1eb8yo Ot\u1ecd<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
Thomas’s Historical Edo Dictionary<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\nTHE EDOMAYE STANDARD<\/h1>\n\n\n\n
the correct orthography,
the object it names,
its function,
the historical evidence,
and its Benin cultural context.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\nOUR PRINCIPLE<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Preserve the Meaning.<\/strong>
Preserve the History.<\/strong>
Preserve the Culture.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\nEDOMAYE<\/h3>\n\n\n\n